考古学家称史前人类已将乌龟烧烤作为开胃菜

阿维·高弗教授和拉恩·巴凯博士

　　Professor Avi Gopher (L) and Dr. Ran Barkai, researchers from Tel Aviv University's Institute of Archaeology, stand at Qesem cave, an excavation site near the town of Rosh Ha'ayin, east of Tel Aviv, December 27, 2010.

　　阿维·高弗教授和拉恩·巴凯博士是以色列特拉维夫大学考古学院的研究人员，2010年12月27日，两人来到凯塞姆洞穴——这处挖掘地点位于以色列罗什艾因市附近，特拉维夫大学东边。

　　Prehistoric cave-dwellers enjoyed munching on tortoises roasted in their shells as an appetizer or side dish, Ran Barkai, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University, said on Tuesday.

　　周二，特拉维夫大学的考古学家拉恩·巴凯称，史前洞穴居民十分享受咀嚼带壳烧烤的乌龟，将其作为开胃菜或是配菜食用。

　　Barkai helped lead a research team who found 400,000-year-old tortoise shells and bones in a cave in Israel that showed hunter-gatherers butchered and cooked tortoises as part of a diet dominated by large animals and vegetation.

　　巴凯带领的研究团队发现，洞穴内有40万年前的乌龟壳和骨头，这表明，狩猎采集者曾屠杀并烹饪乌龟，他们的饮食主要由大型动物和植物组成，而这是他们饮食的一部分。

　　Burn marks were found on the shells discovered in the Qessem cave, as well as signs they were cracked open and cut marks indicating the animal was butchered using flint knives.

　　凯塞姆洞穴中发现的龟壳上有烧痕，还有龟壳被敲破的痕迹，以及表明乌龟是被燧石刀屠杀的切痕。

　　”Now we know they ate tortoises in a rather sophisticated way,” Barkai said. “It would have been a supplement – an appetizer, dessert or a side dish – to the meat and fat from large animals.”

　　“现在我们知道，他们是用一种相当精细的方式食用乌龟的，”巴凯说，“这应该是大型动物肉和脂肪的补充品——是开胃菜，甜点或者配菜。”

　　Qessem cave was uncovered during road work in 2000 and was believed to be inhabited for about 200,000 years. The site has offered scientists a rare insight into human evolution and accounted for many research papers.

　　凯塞姆洞穴是在2000年道路施工时被发现的，人们相信，在约20万年的时间里，这里都有人居住。这一挖掘地点为科学家们在人类进化方面的研究提供了一个稀有的洞察视野，并对许多研究论文作出了贡献。

　　Bones scattered throughout the cave have already suggested a calorie-rich prehistoric menu of horses, fallow deer and wild ox.

　　洞穴中散落的骨头表明，史前人类有着高卡路里的菜单——马、小鹿和野牛都囊括在菜单之中。

　　A study last year, based on plaque found on teeth, showed the cave's inhabitants also ate plant-based material.

　　去年，一项基于牙齿上发现的牙菌斑的研究表明，洞穴居民也食用植物类食品。

　　The latest findings by Barkai's team, which included members from Spain and Germany, were published this week in the journal Quaternary Science Reviews.

　　巴凯的团队中包括来自西班牙和德国的成员，这一团队的最新发现于本周发表在《第四纪科学评论》杂志上。

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