双语：科学家发现母乳可治疗癌症

　　瑞典科学家意外发现母乳中含有一种物质可以有效杀死癌细胞，这是否意味着人类终结癌症历史的日子即将到来？

　　Breast milk is being used to fight cancer after scientists accidentally discovered it contains a substance that kills tumour cells.

　　在科学家意外发现母乳含有可以杀死肿瘤细胞的物质之后，人们正在用母乳来治疗癌症。

　　Trials in patients with bladder cancer have already yielded promising results and researchers believe the compound breast milk contains – nicknamed Hamlet – will also help tackle bowel cancer and cervical cancer.

　　在膀胱癌患者身上的实验已经取得了可喜的成果，而研究人员们认为含有“哈姆雷特”物质的复方母乳对肠癌和宫颈癌也有疗效。

　　They also say it homes in on cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed – so it has none of the debilitating side effects of chemotherapy.

　　研究人员还表示称，这种物质会在癌细胞上生长却又不会损伤健康的细胞，因此不会有像化疗那样带来的虚弱副作用。

　　Professor Catharina Svanborg, who made the initial discovery, said last night: ‘There's something magical about Hamlet's ability to target tumour cells and kill them.'

　　最先发现该现象的凯瑟琳娜教授表示称：“‘哈姆雷特'能够很神奇地以肿瘤细胞为目标并杀死它们。”

　　She said human breast milk contained a protein called alpha-lactalbumin, which is transformed into a cancer-fighting agent when in the gut.

　　她表示母乳含有一种被称之为α-乳白蛋白的蛋白质，可以在肠道里转化为一种抗癌剂。

　　Prof Svanborg, an immunologist at Lund University in Sweden, made the chance discovery that the substance kills tumour cells when working on antibiotics.

　　凯瑟琳娜教授是瑞典隆德大学的免疫学家，她在对抗生素进行研究时偶然发现这种物质可以杀死肿瘤细胞。

　　She said: ‘We were looking for novel antimicrobial agents, and new breast milk is a very good source of these. During one experiment we needed human cells and bacteria to be present, and we chose human tumour cells for practical reasons.

　　她表示：“我们当时正在寻找新的抗菌药物，而母乳是这些药物的很好来源。在一次试验中我们需要人类细胞和细菌，而出于实际的原因我们选择了肿瘤细胞。”

　　‘To our amazement, when we added this compound of milk, the tumour cells died. It was a totally serendipitous discovery.'

　　“令我们惊讶的是，当我们添加这种复方母乳的时候，肿瘤细胞被杀死了。这完全是一个偶然的发现。”

　　The substance attacks cancer cells in numerous ways – first evading the cell's outer defences, then targeting the ‘power station' mitochondria and the ‘instruction manual' nucleus. These actions cut off the cell's energy source and ‘programme' it to commit suicide, in a process called apoptosis.

　　这种物质会以多种方式对癌细胞进行攻击——首先回避癌细胞的外部防御，然后瞄准“能量中心”线粒体和“指挥部”细胞核。这些行为切断了癌细胞的能量来源、并使之“自杀”——这个过程被称之为细胞凋亡。

　　Early trials in patients with bladder cancer show those injected with Hamlet start shedding dead tumour cells in their urine within days.

　　在对膀胱癌患者的早期试验中，人们发现注射“哈姆雷特”之后几天内患者的小便中就发现了脱落的死亡肿瘤细胞。

　　A full-scale trial pitting Hamlet against a placebo ‘dummy drug' is now planned.

　　目前科学家们正在计划进行“哈姆雷特”和安慰剂“假药物”之间的全面对比试验。

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